Fig. 3.

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Examples of different types of interactions observed in the Perseus cluster. Each panel shows a LSB IE image with high contrast of a galactic interaction within the cluster. A red line in the bottom-right corner representing a scale of 10″ is provided at the bottom of each panel. Top left: NGC 1268 – a galaxy with a smooth, elongated shape, likely experiencing a close encounter with a neighbouring galaxy, causing mild distortion in its outer regions. Top centre: NGC 1282 – an interacting galaxy with a faint halo, possibly stripped due to gravitational forces from nearby massive galaxies. Top right: GALEXASC J031939.68+413105.6 – a disrupted galaxy showing two tidal rings, suggesting a recent interaction or minor merger with another galaxy. Middle left: PGC 012221 – a galaxy with a clear spiral structure that appears distorted, possibly due to tidal forces. Middle centre: PGC 012358 – a major merger with an asymmetrical shape and tidal tails, showing evidence of material being pulled away. Middle right: PGC 012520 – an elongated galaxy with an asymmetric stretched halo, suggesting ongoing gravitational interactions or stripping by the cluster’s dense environment. Bottom left/centre: MCG+07-07-070 and UGC 02665 – galaxies possibly affected by ram pressure stripping due to their motion through the intracluster medium. MCG+07-07-070 shows an asymmetric diffuse halo extending towards the lower right, while UGC 02665 displays an umbrella-like morphology, both consistent with ram-pressure stripping (George et al. in prep.). Bottom right: WISEA J032020.96+41225.4 – a galaxy interacting with a larger galaxy, showing faint tidal features, which may indicate gravitational influence from a nearby massive galaxy.
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