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Table 3

Column density ratios of key molecules observed toward the low-mass protostar B1-c.

Species Observeda Model 150K Model 150K Model 300 K Model 300 K Model 600 K Model 600 K
no X-rays LX = 1029 no X-rays LX = 1029 no X-rays LX = 1029 erg s-1
CO2/H2O 0.22 0.025 0.27 0.0016 0.0025 0.0012 0.0029
HCN/H2O 0.08 0.024 0.0001 0.037 0.037 0.063 0.086
C2H2/H2O 0.05 <0.0001 0.0003 <0.0001 0.0054 0.0001 0.0069
CH4/H2O 0.10 0.039 0.028 0.020 <0.0001 0.048 0.013
NH3/H2O 0.04 0.05 0.0001 0.062 0.016 0.10 0.069
C2H2/HCN 0.64 0.0001 3.4 0.0004 0.15 0.002 0.08
C2H2/CO2 0.21 0.0001 0.001 0.008 2.2 0.10 240

Notes. aObserved column densities taken from Table H.4 of van Gelder et al. (2024a), using the warm H2O column of 4.4 × 1018 cm 2 as reference. Observational uncertainties in the ratios are about 50%.

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