Examining the brightness variability, accretion disk, and evolutionary stage of the binary OGLE-LMC-ECL-14413

¹ Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomía, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
² Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11060 Belgrade 38, Serbia
³ Issac Newton institute of Chile, Yugoslavia Branch, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
⁴ Astronomical Observatory, University of Warsaw, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
⁵ Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Angamos 0610, Antofagasta, Chile

^⋆ Corresponding author; rmennick@udec.cl

Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 18 November 2024

Abstract

Context. Several intermediate-mass close binary systems exhibit photometric cycles longer than their orbital periods, potentially due to changes in their accretion disks. Past studies indicate that analyzing historical light curves can provide valuable insights into disk evolution and track variations in mass transfer rates within these systems.

Aims. Our study aims to elucidate both short-term and long-term variations in the light curve of the eclipsing system OGLE-LMC-ECL-14413, with a particular focus on the unusual reversals in eclipse depth. We aim to clarify the role of the accretion disk in these fluctuations, especially in long-cycle changes spanning hundreds of days. Additionally, we seek to determine the evolutionary stage of the system and gain insights into the internal structure of its stellar components.

Methods. We analyzed photometric time series from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project in I and V bands, and from the MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHO) project in the B_M and R_M bands, covering a period of 30.85 years. Using light curve data from 27 epochs, we constructed models of the accretion disk. An optimized simplex algorithm was employed to solve the inverse problem, deriving the best-fit parameters for the stars, orbit, and disk. We also utilized the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) software to assess the evolutionary stage of the binary system, investigating the progenitors and potential future developments.

Results. We found an orbital period of 38.15917 ± 0.00054 days and a long-term cycle of approximately 780 days. Temperature, mass, radius, and surface gravity values were determined for both stars. The photometric orbital cycle and the long-term cycle are consistent with a disk containing variable physical properties, including two shock regions. The disk encircles the more massive star and the system brightness variations align with the long-term cycle at orbital phase 0.25. Our mass transfer rate calculations correspond to these brightness changes. MESA simulations indicate weak magnetic fields in the donor star’s subsurface, which are insufficient to influence mass transfer rates significantly.