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Home All issues Volume 699 (July 2025) A&A, 699 (2025) A361 Full HTML
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Table D.1

Overview of mid-infrared lines commonly detected in protostellar systems.

Species Transition u–l λ (μm) Eu/k (K) Typea Origin
[Fe II] a4 F9/2-a6D9/2 5.3402 2694 R Jet
a4F7/2-a4F9/2 17.9232 3496 Jet
a4F5/2-a4F7/2 24.5019 4083 Jet
a6D7/2-a6D9/2 25.9884 554 Jet, Entrained gas
[Fe I] 5D3-5D4 24.0423 600 R Jet
[Ni II] 2D3/2-2D5/2 6.6360 2168 R Jet
[Ne II] 2P1/2-2P3/2 12.8135 1123 V Jet, Photoionized gas
[Ne III] 3P1-3P2 15.5551 925 V Jet, Photoionized gas
[Ar II] 2P1/2-2P3/2 6.9853 2060 V Jet, Photoionized gas
[S I] 3P1-3P2 25.2490 570 SR Jet, Wind?
H2b S(1) 17.0348 170 V Wind, Entrained gas
S(5) 6.9095 2504 V Wind, Jet
CO v = 1 – 0 >P(24) 4.9-5.2 4600-8000 V Jet, Shockd
H2O v2=1-0 rovib 5.5-7.5 2300->4000 V Shock, Hot cored
v=0-0 warm 11-18c 2600->8000 V Shock, Hot cored
v=0-0 cold 20-27c 1100-4000 V Hot cored
CO2 v2=1-0 14.4-15.6 960-1500 V Hot cored, Outflow
HCN v2=1-0 13.5-14.5 1000-1500 V Hot cored
C2H2 v5=1-0 13.0-14.5 1000-2000 V Hot cored
OH v=0-0 9-27 10000-40000 V Shock, UV-irradiated gasd

a R=Refractory, SR=Semi-Refractory, V=Volatile.

b Only some example H2 lines in v=0 are listed

c Lines from warm H2O also at longer wavelengths

d Some contribution from young disk possible in Class I sources

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