Fig. 5.
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Marginalised probability distribution of the disfavoured values of the source parameters for the Ar = 0 scenario. The corresponding models are disfavoured by the LOFAR upper limits from Mertens et al. (2025) at z = 9.1. The black, red, and green curves refer to the Single-z case at z = 8.3, 9.1 and 10.1, respectively, while the blue curves are for the Joint-z analysis case.
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