Open Access
Table 4.
Potential biases.
| Name | Section | Description | Effect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Morphological | 6.2 | Morphology of cluster, in particular the peakiness | Produces a biased sample, giving biased |
| detection bias | of its profile, affects how easy an object | distributions of parameters, in particular | |
| is to be detected. | those associated with detection (e.g. concentration). | ||
| Cool core mass and | 6.3 | Presence of a cool core gives higher luminosity | Affects parameters measured at scaled radii, |
| radius bias | and therefore biased mass or radius, | see Table 1, e.g. c500, ns, 0, α, P10, | |
| affecting parameter measurements. | Aphot, G, and w. | ||
| Position bias | 6.4 | Choice of cluster centre affects parameter | Parameters sensitive to core, e.g. ns, 0, n50, |
| α, c500, c80 − 800, P10, and Aphot. | |||
| PSF bias | 6.5 | PSF blurs out features affecting parameters | Affects image measured parameters, |
| which are not model based and increasingly | including power ratios, G, Aphot, and w. | ||
| strongly for higher redshifts. | |||
| Fixed parameter | 6.6 | Parameter range is small compared to | Affects ϵ, H, M1 to M4, and to a lesser |
| range bias | uncertainties, leading to biases in | extent, concentrations. | |
| median values from MCMC. | |||
| Cluster shape | 6.7 | Related to the Morphological detection bias, a | A sample biased towards more relaxed |
| selection | non-circular cluster shape can affect how easy | clusters, affecting the distribution of all | |
| a cluster is to be detected. | parameters | ||
| Noise and distance | 6.8 | More distant clusters produce fewer counts | Affects many image-derived parameters, |
| bias | and more blurred images, giving rise to biased | including power ratios, G, w, and Aphot. | |
| parameters. | |||
| Resolution bias | 6.9 | Ability to resolve inner parts of cluster | Not important, if parametric profile is |
| depends on its profile, distance and brightness. | realistic. | ||
| Temperature and | 6.10 | Non-isothermal temperature profile or varying | For groups could affect n50, ns, 0, and α. |
| metallicity bias | metallicity could affect density estimates. | ||
| Unresolved point | 6.11 | Point sources may be unresolved within the | Could affect all parameters and also lead |
| sources | cluster. | to biases in the sample selection. |
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