Scatter plot for WL mass point estimates of DEMNUni-Cov clusters. Error bars correspond to the standard deviation of the mean (in the mean/ML panels), 16^th and 84^th percentiles (in the median panel), or SBI (in the CBI pannel). The one-to-one line is shown in black, while blue lines give results for the linear regression over the data points for the ‘LSS + shape noise’ case. The orange line shows the linear regression for ML WL mass measured on DEMNUni-Cov data with the combination of systematic effects discussed in Sect. 7. The shaded region corresponds to the scatter.