Fig. 2.

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Examples of simulated galaxy spectra from our sample, shown before any pre-processing required for input into our pipeline, covering the entire spectral range. Each row represents a different galaxy spectrum, with the left panels showing the full spectrum and the right panels providing a zoomed-in view around the Hα line. The spectra are positioned based on the Hα line flux: F(Hα) ∼ 10−15 erg/s/cm2 (upper row), F(Hα) ∼ 10−16.5 erg/s/cm2 (middle row), and F(Hα) ∼ 10−17.5 erg/s/cm2 (lower row), representing high-, average-, and low-quality spectra, respectively. Red vertical lines indicate the positions of key emission lines, including [OII], Hβ, [OIII], and Hα, with corresponding labels. The missing flux values around 14 000 Å are due to the gap between spectral bands (see Sect. 2).
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