Analytical and mean Monte Carlo noise biases. Gray band is the 1-σ region for the average, computed by dividing the sample variance by . Like the TE, TB and EB biases are both consistent with zero and are not shown here. The analytical bias corresponds to the unsmoothed case presented in Sect. 6.3. Top row: MADmap runs with f_knee = 50 mHz. Bottom row: Madam runs with f_knee = 10mHz.