Planck 2015 results

II. Low Frequency Instrument data processings

¹ APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
² Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory and Dept. of Radio Science and Engineering, PO Box 13000, 00076 Aalto, Finland
³ African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
⁴ Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁵ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
⁶ Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁷ CGEE, SCS Qd 9, Lote C, Torre C, 4° andar, Ed. Parque Cidade Corporate, CEP 70308-200 Brasília, DF, Brazil
⁸ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
⁹ CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
¹⁰ CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
¹¹ California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd Pasadena, Californie 91125, USA
¹² Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
¹³ Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
¹⁴ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Serrano 117, 28006 Madrid, Spain
¹⁵ DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁶ DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
¹⁷ Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
¹⁸ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁹ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
²⁰ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
²¹ Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
²² Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
²³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
²⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
²⁵ Department of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
²⁶ Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
²⁷ Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-0708, USA
²⁸ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
²⁹ Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801-3080, USA
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
³¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, ALMA MATER STUDIORUM, Università degli Studi di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
³² Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
³³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
³⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
³⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
³⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
³⁷ Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
³⁸ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
³⁹ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁴⁰ European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
⁴¹ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁴² Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’ Aquila, Italy
⁴³ HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical Physics Department, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁴⁴ Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
⁴⁵ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
⁴⁶ INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
⁴⁷ INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁴⁸ INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
⁴⁹ INAF–Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁰ INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁵¹ INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁵² INFN, Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁵³ INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁵⁴ INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁵⁵ INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁶ ISDC, Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, Ch. d’Écogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁵⁷ IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, 411 007 Pune, India
⁵⁸ Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
⁵⁹ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁶⁰ Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
⁶¹ Institut Universitaire de France, 103 bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
⁶² Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
⁶³ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁶⁴ Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
⁶⁵ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁶⁶ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁶⁷ Instituto deAstrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶⁸ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
⁶⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷⁰ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
⁷¹ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
⁷² Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
⁷³ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
⁷⁴ Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., 420008 Kazan, Russia
⁷⁵ LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898 Orsay, France
⁷⁶ LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
⁷⁷ Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁷⁸ Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁷⁹ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁸⁰ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
⁸¹ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
⁸² Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, GSP-7, 117997, Russia
⁸³ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁸⁴ McGill Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
⁸⁵ National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
⁸⁶ Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
⁸⁷ Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸⁸ Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁸⁹ SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
⁹⁰ SMARTEST Research Centre, Università degli Studi e-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
⁹¹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁹² School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
⁹³ Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France
⁹⁴ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
⁹⁵ Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, 369167 Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russia
⁹⁶ Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
⁹⁷ Theory Division, PH-TH, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
⁹⁸ UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁹⁹ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
¹⁰⁰ University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, 18003 Granada, Spain
¹⁰¹ University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, 18071 Granada, Spain
¹⁰² Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

^⋆ Corresponding author: A. Zacchei, e-mail: zacchei@oats.inaf.it

Received: 5 February 2015
Accepted: 4 February 2016

Abstract

We present an updated description of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data processing pipeline, associated with the 2015 data release. We point out the places where our results and methods have remained unchanged since the 2013 paper and we highlight the changes made for the 2015 release, describing the products (especially timelines) and the ways in which they were obtained. We demonstrate that the pipeline is self-consistent (principally based on simulations) and report all null tests. For the first time, we present LFI maps in Stokes Q and U polarization. We refer to other related papers where more detailed descriptions of the LFI data processing pipeline may be found if needed.