CHEX-MATE: Dynamical masses for a sample of 101 Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich-selected galaxy clusters^⋆

¹ INAF – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/3, I-40129 Bologna, Italy
² INFN, Sezione di Bologna, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
³ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/ Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁵ Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶ Instituto de Astronomía y Ciencias Planetarias de Atacama (INCT), Universidad de Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile
⁷ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁸ INAF – Trieste Astronomical Observatory, via Tiepolo 11, 35143 Trieste, Italy
⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E. Pancini’, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia, 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
¹⁰ Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, CNES, Marseille, France
¹¹ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
¹² Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy
¹³ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
¹⁴ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
¹⁵ INAF – IASF Milano, via A. Corti 12, I-20133 Milano, Italy
¹⁶ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
¹⁷ Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
¹⁸ HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
¹⁹ IRAP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, UT3-UPS, Toulouse, France
²⁰ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
²¹ Department of Physics; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
²² California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 367-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

^⋆⋆ Corresponding author; mauro.sereno@inaf.it

Received: 22 July 2024
Accepted: 17 September 2024

Abstract

The Cluster HEritage project with XMM-Newton – Mass Assembly and Thermodynamics at the Endpoint of structure formation (CHEX-MATE) is a programme to study a minimally biased sample of 118 galaxy clusters detected by Planck through the Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect. Accurate and precise mass measurements are required to exploit CHEX-MATE as an astrophysical laboratory and a calibration sample for cosmological probes in the era of large surveys. We measured masses based on the galaxy dynamics, which are highly complementary to weak-lensing or X-ray estimates. We analysed the sample with a uniform pipeline that is stable both for poorly sampled or rich clusters –using spectroscopic redshifts from public (NED, SDSS, and DESI) or private archives and dedicated observational programmes. We modelled the halo mass density and the anisotropy profile. Membership is confirmed with a cleaning procedure in phase space. We derived masses from measured velocity dispersions under the assumed model. We measured dynamical masses for 101 CHEX-MATE clusters with at least ten confirmed members within the virial radius r_200c. Estimated redshifts and velocity dispersions agree with literature values when available. Validation with weak-lensing masses shows agreement within 8 ± 16 (stat.) ± 5 (sys.)%, and confirms dynamical masses as an unbiased proxy. Comparison with Planck masses shows them to be biased low by 34 ± 3 (stat.) ± 5 (sys.)%. A follow-up spectroscopic campaign is underway to cover the full CHEX-MATE sample.