ACT-DR5 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich clusters: Weak lensing mass calibration with KiDS

¹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
e-mail: naomi.robertson@ed.ac.uk
² Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
³ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁴ Instituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
⁵ E.A. Milne Centre, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
⁶ Centre of Excellence for Data Science, AI, and Modelling (DAIM), University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UK
⁷ Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
⁸ Center for Theoretical Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
⁹ Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
¹⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
¹¹ Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
¹² Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
¹³ Instituto de Ciencias del Cosmos (ICC), Universidad de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès, 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
¹⁴ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing, 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹⁵ Wits Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
¹⁶ Astrophysics Research Centre and School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
¹⁷ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
¹⁸ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
¹⁹ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
²⁰ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Haverford College, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
²² INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
²³ Argelander-Institut f. Astronomie, Univ. Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
²⁴ Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO), Nandan Road 80, Shanghai 200030, PR China
²⁵ University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
²⁶ Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
²⁷ Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
²⁸ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica and Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Facultad de Fìsica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile

Received: 20 April 2023
Accepted: 18 October 2023

Abstract

We present Weak Gravitational Lensing measurements of a sample of 157 clusters within the Kilo Degree Survey (KiDS), detected with a > 5σ thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (SZ) signal by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). Using a halo-model approach, we constrained the average total cluster mass, M_WL, accounting for the ACT cluster selection function of the full sample. We find that the SZ cluster mass estimate M_SZ, which was calibrated using X-ray observations, is biased with M_SZ/M_WL = (1 − b_SZ) = 0.65 ± 0.05. Separating the sample into six mass bins, we find no evidence of a strong mass dependency for the mass bias, (1 − b_SZ). Adopting this ACT-KiDS SZ mass calibration would bring the Planck SZ cluster count into agreement with the counts expected from the Planck cosmic microwave background ΛCDM cosmological model, although it should be noted that the cluster sample considered in this work has a lower average mass M_SZ, uncor = 3.64 × 10¹⁴ M_⊙ compared to the Planck cluster sample which has an average mass in the range M_SZ, uncor = (5.5 − 8.5)×10¹⁴ M_⊙, depending on the sub-sample used.