Issue |
A&A
Volume 643, November 2020
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A42 | |
Number of page(s) | 88 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038073 | |
Published online | 11 November 2020 |
Planck intermediate results
LVII. Joint Planck LFI and HFI data processing
1
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
2
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
3
Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
4
Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
5
CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
6
CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
7
Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
8
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
9
Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
10
Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
11
Département de Physique, École normale supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
12
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
13
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca 18, Oviedo, Spain
14
Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
15
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, Canada
16
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
17
Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
18
Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
19
Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
20
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
21
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
22
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
23
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 16, Milano, Italy
24
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
25
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
26
European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
27
European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
28
Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, Viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
29
HEP Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
30
Haverford College Astronomy Department, 370 Lancaster Avenue, Haverford, PA, USA
31
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
32
IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy
33
INAF – OAS Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica – Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Area della Ricerca del CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
34
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
35
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
36
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
37
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
38
INAF/IASF Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
39
INFN – CNAF, viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
40
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
41
INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
42
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
43
INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1, Roma, Italy
44
IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, India
45
Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
46
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
47
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
48
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
49
Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, PO Box 9506, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
50
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern Oslo, Norway
51
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
52
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
53
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
54
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA
55
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
56
Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
57
LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
58
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 Rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
59
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
60
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
61
Low Temperature Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 00076 AALTO, Finland
62
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
63
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
64
National Centre for Nuclear Research, ul. L. Pasteura 7, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
65
SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
66
San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
67
School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, Odissa, India
68
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
69
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University, 2 Daxue Rd, Tangjia, Zhuhai, PR China
70
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
71
School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala PO, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551 Kerala, India
72
Simon Fraser University, Department of Physics, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, Canada
73
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
74
Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, École normale supérieure, CNRS, LERMA, 75005 Paris, France
75
Space Science Data Center – Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
76
Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
77
The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
78
Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
79
Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Received:
2
April
2020
Accepted:
1
July
2020
We present the NPIPE processing pipeline, which produces calibrated frequency maps in temperature and polarization from data from the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) and High Frequency Instrument (HFI) using high-performance computers. NPIPE represents a natural evolution of previous Planck analysis efforts, and combines some of the most powerful features of the separate LFI and HFI analysis pipelines. For example, following the LFI 2018 processing procedure, NPIPE uses foreground polarization priors during the calibration stage in order to break scanning-induced degeneracies. Similarly, NPIPE employs the HFI 2018 time-domain processing methodology to correct for bandpass mismatch at all frequencies. In addition, NPIPE introduces several improvements, including, but not limited to: inclusion of the 8% of data collected during repointing manoeuvres; smoothing of the LFI reference load data streams; in-flight estimation of detector polarization parameters; and construction of maximally independent detector-set split maps. For component-separation purposes, important improvements include: maps that retain the CMB Solar dipole, allowing for high-precision relative calibration in higher-level analyses; well-defined single-detector maps, allowing for robust CO extraction; and HFI temperature maps between 217 and 857 GHz that are binned into 0′.9 pixels (Nside = 4096), ensuring that the full angular information in the data is represented in the maps even at the highest Planck resolutions. The net effect of these improvements is lower levels of noise and systematics in both frequency and component maps at essentially all angular scales, as well as notably improved internal consistency between the various frequency channels. Based on the NPIPE maps, we present the first estimate of the Solar dipole determined through component separation across all nine Planck frequencies. The amplitude is (3366.6 ± 2.7) μK, consistent with, albeit slightly higher than, earlier estimates. From the large-scale polarization data, we derive an updated estimate of the optical depth of reionization of τ = 0.051 ± 0.006, which appears robust with respect to data and sky cuts. There are 600 complete signal, noise and systematics simulations of the full-frequency and detector-set maps. As a Planck first, these simulations include full time-domain processing of the beam-convolved CMB anisotropies. The release of NPIPE maps and simulations is accompanied with a complete suite of raw and processed time-ordered data and the software, scripts, auxiliary data, and parameter files needed to improve further on the analysis and to run matching simulations.
Key words: cosmic background radiation / cosmology: observations / cosmological parameters / Galaxy: general / methods: data analysis
© ESO 2020
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