Deciphering the oscillation spectrum of γ Doradus and SPB stars

¹ LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France
e-mail: steven.christophe@obspm.fr
² IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Avenue Édouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
³ Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
⁴ STAR Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du Six Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium

Received: 6 February 2018
Accepted: 4 July 2018

Abstract

Context. The space-based Kepler mission provided four years of highly precise and almost uninterrupted photometry for hundreds of γ Doradus stars and tens of slowly pulsating B-type (SPB) stars, finally allowing us to apply asteroseismology to these gravity mode pulsators. Without rotation, gravity modes are equally spaced in period. This simple structure does not hold in rotating stars for which rotation needs to be taken into account to accurately interpret the oscillation spectrum.

Aims. We aim to develop a stellar-model-independent method to analyse and interpret the oscillation spectrum of γ Dor and SPB stars.

Methods. Within the traditional approximation of rotation, we highlight the possibility of recovering the equidistance of period spacings by stretching the pulsation periods. The stretching function depends on the degree and azimuthal order of gravity modes and the rotation rate of the star. In this new stretched space, the pulsation modes are regularly spaced by the stellar buoyancy radius.

Results. On the basis of this property, we implemented a method to search for these new regularities and simultaneously infer the rotation frequency and buoyancy radius. Tests on synthetic spectra computed with a non-perturbative approach show that we can retrieve these two parameters with reasonable accuracy along with the mode identification. In uniformly rotating models of a typical γ Dor star, and for the most observed prograde dipole modes, we show that the accuracy on the derived parameters is better than 5% on both the internal rotation rate and the buoyancy radius. Finally, we apply the method to two stars of the Kepler field, a γ Dor and an SPB, and compare our results with those of other existing methods.

Conclusions. We provide a stellar-model-independent method to obtain the near-core rotation rate, the buoyancy radius, and the mode identification from gravity-mode spectra of γ Dor and SPB stars.