Averaged shift due to magnetic activity for frequency separation ratios r₀₁ (left column) and r₀₂ (middle column), and frequencies of radial modes (right column) observed by the BiSON network. Four frequency ranges were investigated: full range, low-frequency range, medium-frequency range, and high-frequency range (from top to bottom). The red line is obtained by smoothing the grey data with a Savitzky-Golay filter. The 10.7 cm radio emission flux, which serves as a proxy of the solar cycle, is denoted in black. The correlation with the activity proxy is measured with the Spearman rank coefficient ℛ.