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Fig. 1.

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Continuous reduced period spacing signal predicted by the analytical model (Eq. (11)), considering a single step-like glitch (Eq. (6)) and varying the model parameters one at a time (red line). The horizontal dotted line marks the asymptotic reduced period spacing value ΔΠas. Panel a.: Reference case with ΔΠas = 300 s, Ast = 10, W g $ \tilde{\mathcal{W}}_{\mathrm{g}}^\star $ = 0.008 rad/s (or Πsig = 2467 s) and δ = 1.3. Panel b.: Same as reference but with ΔΠas = 250 s. Panel c.: Same as reference but with W g $ \tilde{\mathcal{W}}_{\mathrm{g}}^\star $ = 0.010 rad/s (or Πsig = 1974 s). Panel d.: Same as reference but with Ast = 5. Panel e.: Same as reference case but for a Gaussian glitch with AG = 0.002 rad/s and Δg = 0 rad/s. Panel f.: Same as reference case but for a Gaussian glitch with AG = 0.006 rad/s and Δg = 0.00049 rad/s.

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