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Fig. 9

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Comparison of circularity distribution within Re at z = 0 and at birth. Line styles and colors are akin to the top panel of Fig. 8. Galaxies are categorized into three rows based on their merger histories. From top to bottom, they are galaxies with at least one major merger (mass ratio larger than 1:3), galaxies experienced mergers with ratios between 1:3 and 1:10, and galaxies have not experienced any mergers with a mass ratio larger than 1:10. In lower-mass galaxies, the in situ stars are born with a wide distribution of circularity; they are significantly heated in galaxies with major mergers and keep almost unchanged in galaxies with quiescent merger history. In higher-mass galaxies, the in situ stars are mostly born cold, especially in galaxies that have not experienced major mergers; all in situ stars at r < Re are significantly heated, resulting in similar circularity distributions at z = 0 irrespective of the merger history.

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