Deeper multi-redshift upper limits on the epoch of reionisation 21 cm signal power spectrum from LOFAR between z = 8.3 and z = 10.1

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Volume 698 (May 2025)

A&A, 698 (2025) A186

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Table 1.

List of all observation nights analysed, with date, time, duration, and noise statistics.

Night ID	LOFAR Cycle	UTC observing start date and time	LST ^a starting time [hour]	Duration [hour]	SEFD ^b estimate [Jy]	Redshift selection ^c

						8.3	9.1	10.1
L80847	0	2012-12-31 15:33:06	22.7	16.0	4409	✓		✓
L80850	0	2012-12-24 15:30:06	22.2	16.0	4448		✓	✓
L86762	0	2013-02-06 17:20:06	2.9	13.0	4349	✓	✓
L90490	0	2013-02-11 17:20:06	3.2	13.0	4642	✓	✓	✓
L196421	1	2013-12-27 15:48:38	22.7	15.5	4292	✓		✓
L203277	1	2014-02-17 17:14:20	3.5	13.1	3935		✓
L205861	1	2014-03-06 17:46:30	5.2	11.9	3917		✓	✓
L246291	2	2014-10-25 16:42:14	19.4	13.2	4261	✓	✓	✓
L246297	2	2014-10-23 16:46:30	19.3	13.0	4309	✓	✓	✓
L246309	2	2014-10-16 17:01:41	19.1	12.6	4402	✓	✓	✓
L253987	3	2014-12-05 15:44:35	21.1	15.3	4105	✓	✓	✓
L254116	3	2014-12-10 15:42:54	21.4	15.4	4515	✓	✓
L254865	3	2014-12-23 15:45:36	22.3	15.5	4156	✓
L254871	3	2014-12-20 15:44:04	22.1	15.5	4170			✓

Notes.

Local sidereal time.

System equivalent flux density (SEFD), estimated from time-differenced visibility in the frequency range 134–147 MHz. The SEFD measurements have been updated compared to the one published in LOFAR20, following an improved methodology.

Observation selected for analysis in redshift bin 8.3, 9.1, and/or 10.1.

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