Table 1.
Force parameters used in the DUCA set of simulations, including short-range and long-range force specifications.
| Parameter | Value | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Short-Range Force Parameters | ||
| scale | 1.25 × boxsize/gridsize | Long/short-range force split scale |
| range | 5.5 × scale | Maximum reach of short-range force |
| tablesize | 212 | Size of tabulation for short-range forces |
| Long-Range Force Parameters | ||
| gridsize_pm |
![$ \sqrt[3]{\mathtt{N}} $](/articles/aa/full_html/2025/05/aa53234-24/aa53234-24-eq22.gif) |
Particle-mesh (PM) grid size for gravity |
| gridsize_p3m |
![$ 2 \times \sqrt[3]{\mathtt{N}} $](/articles/aa/full_html/2025/05/aa53234-24/aa53234-24-eq23.gif) |
Particle-Particle Particle-Mesh (P3M) grid size for gravity |
Notes. The adopted setup for the DUCA simulation set splits the long-range forces into two grids. The particle-mesh (with a grid size specified by gridsize_pm) is used to continually realize the massive neutrinos and DE fluctuations according to general relativity. The particle-particle-particle-mesh (with a grid size specified by gridsize_p3m) is used for the gravity interaction between the CDM plus baryons component. We adopted grid sizes proportional to the cubic root of the total number of particles in the simulation N.
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