Method for determining escape rates in the plume and the tail. The color plot represents common logarithms of radial escape fluxes of O⁺ ion. The solid black lines represent the MPB and BS (e.g., Vignes et al. 2000), while the black dotted line depicts a circle with radius of 6R_M. The tailward escape is indicated by a red line and arrow, while the plume escape is denoted by a green line and arrow.