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Table 2.

Summary of the parameters, prior probabilities, and posterior probabilities of the fiducial prospector SED model (see also Fig. 5a).

Parameter Free Description Prior Posterior
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
Star-forming component zobs Y Redshift 𝒩(zspec,0.001) 14 . 178 − 0.001 + 0.001 $ 14.178^{+0.001}_{-0.001} $
log M★[M⊙ μ−1](†) Y Total stellar mass formed 𝒰(6,10) 8 . 29 − 0.09 + 0.14 $ 8.29^{+0.14}_{-0.09} $ ( − 0.1 + 0.4 ) $ (^{+0.4}_{-0.1}) $
log Z[Z⊙] Y Stellar and gas metallicity 𝒰(−2,0) − 0 . 78 − 0.03 + 0.03 $ -0.78^{+0.03}_{-0.03} $(±0.03)
log SFR ratios Y Ratio of the log SFR of non-parametric SFH 𝒯(R(z)(‡),1,2) –
σ★ [km s−1] Y Stellar intrinsic velocity dispersion 𝒰(0,300) 190 − 70 + 70 $ 190^{+70}_{-70} $
n Y Power-law modifier of the dust curve (T22, Eq. (5)) 𝒢(0,0.1;−1.0,0.2) 0 . 06 − 0.04 + 0.05 $ 0.06^{+0.05}_{-0.04} $
τV Y Optical depth of the diffuse dust (T22, Eq. (5)) 𝒰(0,2) 0 . 19 − 0.05 + 0.07 $ 0.19^{+0.07}_{-0.05} $
μd Y Ratio of optical depths of the birth clouds and τV 𝒢(1,0.1;0,2) 0 . 94 − 0.07 + 0.06 $ 0.94^{+0.06}_{-0.07} $
σgas [km s−1] Y Intrinsic velocity dispersion of the star-forming gas 𝒰(0,1500) 1 , 310 − 100 + 90 $ 1,310^{+90}_{-100} $
log U Y Ionization parameter of the star-forming gas 𝒰(−4,−1) − 2 . 47 − 0.18 + 0.24 $ -2.47^{+0.24}_{-0.18} $
fesc Y Birth-cloud escape fraction of ionizing radiation 𝒰(0,1) 0 . 11 − 0.07 + 0.09 $ 0.11^{+0.09}_{-0.07} $
log NH I Y Column density of neutral hydrogen 𝒰(17,25) 21 . 96 − 0.09 + 0.08 $ 21.96^{+0.08}_{-0.09} $(±0.1)
Other jspec Y Multiplicative noise inflation term for spectrum 𝒰(0.5,2) 1 . 5 − 0.4 + 0.3 $ 1.5^{+0.3}_{-0.4} $
log SFR10[M⊙ yr−1 μ−1](†) N SFR averaged over the last 10 Myr – 1 . 16 − 0.07 + 0.05 $ 1.16^{+0.05}_{-0.07} $(±0.05)
log SFR100[M⊙ yr−1 μ−1](†) N SFR averaged over the last 100 Myr – 0 . 29 − 0.09 + 0.14 ( ± 0.1 ) $ 0.29^{+0.14}_{-0.09} (\pm 0.1) $
Av[mag] N Optical dust attenuation – 0 . 19 − 0.05 + 0.07 ( ± 0.05 ) $ 0.19^{+0.07}_{-0.05} (\pm 0.05) $
F[O III][10−19 erg s−1 cm−2] N FIR [O III]line flux – 2 . 77 − 0.78 + 0.79 ( ± 0.05 ) $ 2.77^{+0.79}_{-0.78} (\pm 0.05) $
Age [Myr] N Mass-weighted stellar age – 40±5

Notes. (1) Parameter name and units (where applicable). (2) Only parameters marked with ‘Y’ are optimized by prospector; parameters marked with ‘N’ are either tied to other parameters (see Column 4), or are calculated after the fit from the posterior distribution (in this case, Column 4 is empty). (3) Parameter description. (4) Parameter prior probability distribution; 𝒩(μ,σ) is the normal distribution with mean μ and dispersion σ; 𝒰(a,b) is the uniform distribution between a and b; 𝒯(μ,σ,ν) is the Student's t distribution with mean μ, dispersion σ and ν degrees of freedom; 𝒢(μ,σ; a,b) is the normal distribution with mean μ and dispersion σ, truncated between a and b. (5) Median and 16th–84th percentile range of the marginalised posterior distribution; for some nuisance parameters we do not present the posterior statistics (e.g., log SFR ratios). (†)We corrected all extensive quantities for gravitational lensing, using μ = 1.17 (Carniani et al. 2024). (‡)The non-parametric SFH is expressed by the logarithm of the SFR between adjacent time bins; we use a ‘rising’ SFH probability prior, which at each time bin is a 𝒯 distribution with mean log ratio R(z) ≡ log(SFRzi)/SFR(zi+1)), where zi is the redshift of the ith SFH bin and the SFR(z) is given by Turner et al. (2025), their Eq. (4).

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