Blue monsters at z > 10: Where all their dust has gone

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Volume 694 (February 2025)

A&A, 694 (2025) A286

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Table 1.

Relevant properties of spectroscopically confirmed super-early galaxies at z > 10.

ID	Redshift	A_V [mag]	log(Z/Z_⊙)	r_e [pc]	log(M_d/M_⊙)	log(M_⋆/M_⊙)	log ξ_d
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
CEERS2-7929 ^(a)	10.10	$0 . 14_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.29}$ $0.14^{+0.29}_{-0.14}$	–	$520_{- 127}^{+ 127}$ $520^{+127}_{-127}$	$5 . 2_{- 5.2}^{+ 10.9} \times 10^{4}$ $5.2^{+10.9}_{-5.2}\times 10^4$	$8 . 50_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.30}$ $8.50^{+0.30}_{-0.40}$	$- 3 . 78_{- 0.99}^{+ 0.99}$ $-3.78^{+0.99}_{-0.99}$
MACS0647-JD ^(b)	10.17	< 0.01	$- 0 . 90_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.09}$ $-0.90^{+0.09}_{-0.09}$	$70_{- 24}^{+ 24}$ $70^{+24}_{-24}$	< 6.7 × 10¹	$7 . 50_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.10}$ $7.50^{+0.10}_{-0.10}$	< − 5.67
UNCOVER-37126 ^(c)	10.25	$^{()} 0 . 18_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.14}$ $^{()}0.18^{+0.14}_{-0.14}$	–	$426_{- 42}^{+ 40}$ $426^{+40}_{-42}$	$4 . 5_{- 3.5}^{+ 3.5} \times 10^{4}$ $4.5^{+3.5}_{-3.5}\times 10^4$	$8 . 16_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.08}$ $8.16^{+0.08}_{-0.07}$	$- 3 . 51_{- 0.35}^{+ 0.35}$ $-3.51^{+0.35}_{-0.35}$
GS-z10-0 ^(d)	10.38	$0 . 05_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.05^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$	$- 1 . 91_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.25}$ $-1.91^{+0.25}_{-0.20}$	< 62	< 2.6 × 10²	$7 . 58_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.19}$ $7.58^{+0.19}_{-0.20}$	< − 5.16
GN-z11 ^(e)	10.60	$0 . 17_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.17^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$	$- 0 . 92_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.06}$ $-0.92^{+0.06}_{-0.05}$	$64_{- 20}^{+ 20}$ $64^{+20}_{-20}$	$9 . 6_{- 3.4}^{+ 3.4} \times 10^{3}$ $9.6^{+3.4}_{-3.4}\times 10^3$	$8 . 73_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $8.73^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$	$- 5 . 75_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.17}$ $-5.75^{+0.17}_{-0.17}$
CEERS2-588 ^(a)	11.04	$0 . 10_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.11}$ $0.10^{+0.11}_{-0.07}$	$- 0 . 84_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.16}$ $-0.84^{+0.16}_{-0.12}$	< 477	< 3.1 × 10⁴	$8 . 99_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.54}$ $8.99^{+0.54}_{-0.22}$	< 4.49
Maisie ^(f)	11.44	$0 . 07_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.09}$ $0.07^{+0.09}_{-0.05}$	–	$340_{- 14}^{+ 14}$ $340^{+14}_{-14}$	$1 . 1_{- 1.1}^{+ 1.4} \times 10^{4}$ $1.1^{+1.4}_{-1.1}\times 10^4$	$8 . 40_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.30}$ $8.40^{+0.30}_{-0.40}$	$- 4 . 35_{- 0.69}^{+ 0.69}$ $-4.35^{+0.69}_{-0.69}$
GS-z11-0 ^(d)	11.58	$0 . 18_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $0.18^{+0.06}_{-0.06}$	$- 1 . 87_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.28}$ $-1.87^{+0.28}_{-0.18}$	$^{(†)} 77_{- 8}^{+ 8}$ $^{(\dag)}77^{+8}_{-8}$	$1 . 5_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.5} \times 10^{3}$ $1.5^{+0.5}_{-0.5}\times 10^3$	$8 . 67_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.08}$ $8.67^{+0.08}_{-0.13}$	$- 5 . 50_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.20}$ $-5.50^{+0.20}_{-0.20}$
GHZ2 ^(g)	12.34	$0 . 04_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.07}$ $0.04^{+0.07}_{-0.03}$	$- 1 . 40_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.27}$ $-1.40^{+0.27}_{-0.24}$	$105_{- 9}^{+ 9}$ $105^{+9}_{-9}$	$6 . 1_{- 6.1}^{+ 10.6} \times 10^{2}$ $6.1^{+10.6}_{-6.1}\times 10^2$	$9 . 05_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.10}$ $9.05^{+0.10}_{-0.25}$	$- 6 . 27_{- 0.80}^{+ 0.80}$ $-6.27^{+0.80}_{-0.80}$
UNCOVER-z12 ^(c)	12.39	$0 . 19_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.17}$ $0.19^{+0.17}_{-0.10}$	$- 1 . 34_{- 0.42}^{+ 0.60}$ $-1.34^{+0.60}_{-0.42}$	$426_{- 42}^{+ 40}$ $426^{+40}_{-42}$	$4 . 7_{- 4.2}^{+ 4.2} \times 10^{4}$ $4.7^{+4.2}_{-4.2}\times 10^4$	$8 . 35_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.14}$ $8.35^{+0.14}_{-0.18}$	$- 3 . 67_{- 0.43}^{+ 0.43}$ $-3.67^{+0.43}_{-0.43}$
GS-z12-0 ^(d)	12.63	$0 . 05_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.05^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$	$- 1 . 44_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.23}$ $-1.44^{+0.23}_{-0.22}$	$^{(†)} 144_{- 15}^{+ 15}$ $^{(\dag)}144^{+15}_{-15}$	$1 . 4_{- 0.9}^{+ 0.9} \times 10^{3}$ $1.4^{+0.9}_{-0.9}\times 10^3$	$7 . 64_{- 0.39}^{+ 0.66}$ $7.64^{+0.66}_{-0.39}$	$- 4 . 49_{- 0.71}^{+ 0.71}$ $-4.49^{+0.71}_{-0.71}$
UNCOVER-z13 ^(c)	13.08	$0 . 04_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.08}$ $0.04^{+0.08}_{-0.03}$	$- 1 . 57_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.35}$ $-1.57^{+0.35}_{-0.28}$	$309_{- 74}^{+ 110}$ $309^{+110}_{-74}$	$5 . 2_{- 5.2}^{+ 10.7} \times 10^{3}$ $5.2^{+10.7}_{-5.2}\times 10^3$	$8 . 13_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.11}$ $8.13^{+0.11}_{-0.15}$	$- 4 . 41_{- 0.89}^{+ 0.89}$ $-4.41^{+0.89}_{-0.89}$
GS-z13-0 ^(d)	13.20	$0 . 05_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.05^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$	$- 1 . 69_{- 0.31}^{+ 0.28}$ $-1.69^{+0.28}_{-0.31}$	< 52	< 1.9 × 10²	$7 . 95_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.19}$ $7.95^{+0.19}_{-0.29}$	< − 5.68
GS-z14-1 ^(h)	13.90	$0 . 20_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.11}$ $0.20^{+0.11}_{-0.07}$	$- 1 . 10_{- 0.50}^{+ 0.60}$ $-1.10^{+0.60}_{-0.50}$	< 160	< 7.0 × 10³	$8 . 00_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.40}$ $8.00^{+0.40}_{-0.30}$	< − 4.15
GS-z14-0 ^(h)	14.18	$0 . 31_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.14}$ $0.31^{+0.14}_{-0.17}$	$- 0 . 75_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $-0.75^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$	$260_{- 2}^{+ 2}$ $260^{+2}_{-2}$	$1 . 2_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.3} \times 10^{4}$ $1.2^{+0.3}_{-0.3}\times 10^4$	$8 . 84_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.09}$ $8.84^{+0.09}_{-0.10}$	$- 4 . 76_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.14}$ $-4.76^{+0.14}_{-0.14}$

Notes. The measured values are taken from the following works:

^(a)

Harikane et al. (2024), Arrabal Haro et al. (2023), Castellano (priv. comm.),

^(b)

Hsiao et al. (2023),

^(c)

Wang et al. (2023a), Fujimoto et al. (2023), Atek et al. (2022),

^(d)

Curtis-Lake et al. (2023), Robertson et al. (2023),

^(e)

Bunker et al. (2023), Tacchella et al. (2023),

^(f)

Arrabal Haro et al. (2023), Finkelstein et al. (2023),

^(g)

Castellano et al. (2024),

^(h)

Carniani et al. (2024a,b), Schouws et al. (2024), Robertson et al. (2024).

^( * )The attenuation has been derived from the UV spectral slope, for a Meurer extinction law, i.e. A_V = 1.99(β_UV − β_int), where β_int = −2.3 (McLure et al. 2018).

^( † )Error not provided. We assume a ≈10% error.

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