Physical separation (top) and binding energy (bottom) as a function of system total mass. In the bottom panel, sizes are proportional to the physical separation from the primary. Red open circles highlight in both panels the most fragile pairs ($\left|U_g^{*}\right|<{10}^{34}\mathrm{J}-$ in the upper panel two of the datapoints overlap, as they share a common ℳ_T and roughly equal separation.) The grey dashed lines mark the maximum separation, s, for expected survival in the case of 100, 10, and 1 Ga (from top to bottom). The red horizontal dashed lines mark the representative limits of 10⁴ au (top) and 10³⁴ J (bottom).