Open Access

Table 1

Parameterization of the VIE2023-VG CRF solution, based on piece-wise linear offsets (PWLOs).

Parameterization options Time interval between PWLOs Relative constraints between offsets
Clocks 1 h 43 ps (13 mm)
Zenith wet delay 30 min 50 ps (15 mm)
Tropospheric gradients 3 h 0.5 mm
ERP 24 h 1 mas
Celestial pole offsets 24 h 0.1 μas

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