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Fig. 5.

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Network used in all GENEC models from core C-burning onwards. Squares filled with a plus sign denote isotopes explicitly evolved in the nuclear reaction network. Squares filled with a blue dot are isotopes implicitly included in the α-chain. By this we mean that along the α-chain are included not only the (α, γ) reaction but also the (α, p) (p, γ) reactions without explicitly evolving the intermediate isotope abundance. With such a network, we get a good estimation of the energy generation rate (see Timmes et al. 2000, for details). Additionally, compared to the previous GENEC network, we have the approximate electron capture from 56Ni to 56Cr to mimic pre-supernova Ye evolution. This network is very similar to that of the 22-isotope network of Farmer et al. (2016); we note that in Fig. 1 of that paper only 21 isotopes are flagged in the 22-isotope network, but 56Co is added to the network making 22 in total. Compared with that network, we track explicitly extra iron group isotopes, namely 57Co along with 53Fe and 55Fe, and thus in total we track 25 isotopes explicitly.

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