The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M87 - II. Model comparisons and theoretical interpretations

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Volume 693 (January 2025)

A&A, 693 (2025) A265

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Table 2.

Image model library.

Code	RT Code	R_high	R_low	σ_cut	Inclination	$\frac{Δ t}{(10^{3} G M / c^{3})}$ $\frac{\Delta t}{(10^3\,GM/c^3)}$	Notes
Fiducial, thermal (synchrotron) models
`KHARMA`	`ipole`	1,10,40,160	1,10	1	17°,163°	25–30	Black hole spin axis are pointing
`KHARMA`	`ipole`	1,10,40,160	1,10	1	17°,163°	25–30	away and toward Earth
`H-AMR`	`BHOSS`	1,10,20,40,80,160	1	1	17°,163°	25–30	Black hole spin axis are pointing
`H-AMR`	`BHOSS`	1,10,20,40,80,160	1	1	17°,163°	25–30	away and toward Earth
`BHAC`	`BHOSS`	40,80,160	1,10	3	17° or 163°	25–30	Black hole spin axis are pointing
`BHAC`	`BHOSS`	40,80,160	1,10	3	17° or 163°	25–30	away from Earth

Fiducial, nonthermal (synchrotron) models
`BHAC`	`BHOSS`	40,80,160	1	3	17° or 163°	25–30	Variable κ, ϵ = (0.0, 0.5),
							black hole spin axis are pointing
							away from Earth

Exploratory, tilted disk models
`H-AMR`	`BHOSS`	1,10,20,40,80,160	1	1	163°	100–103	Tilt angle = (0°, 30°, 60°),
							azimuth angle = (180°, 210°, 240°),
							black hole spin axis are pointing
							away from Earth

Exploratory, radiative models
`koral`	`grtrans`	–	–	1	163°	11–16	T_e is directly from simulation,
							black hole spin axis are pointing
							away from Earth

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