Open Access

Table 1

Rotational temperatures and inferred gas kinetic temperatures.

UT (mm/dd.d) Molecule Freq. range (GHz) lines (c) off. (a) (″) Trot (b) (K) Tgas (K)
C/2021 A1 (Leonard)

11/15.9 CH3OH 250–254 12 1.4 23 ± 5 26 ± 6
11/14.8 CH3OH 165–169 6 1.5 22 ± 9 21 ± 9
12/12.8 CH3OH 241.8 13 1.6 54.1 ± 7.1 63 ± 8
12/10.6 CH3OH 250–254 20 1.7 65.3 ± 5.2 70 ± 6
12/11.1 CH3OH 165–169 10 1.9 56.0 ± 6.9 56 ± 7
12/10.6 CH3OH 250–267 5 1.7 54.4 ± 7.3 55 ± 7
12/12.5 HNCO 153–264 9 1.5 30.4 ± 3.6 37 ± 6
12/12.5 HNCOd(d) 37.0 ± 5.4 48 ± 7
12/11.1 CH3CN 147–165 11 1.9 53 ± 11 53 ± 10
12/12.8 CH3CN 220–257 13 1.7 62.9 ± 9.3 63 ± 9
12/12.5 NH2CHO 213–267 25 1.5 116 ± 59 102 ± 52

C/2022 E3 (ZTF)

02/05.2 CH3OH 165–169 10 2.0 53.0 ± 1.7 55 ± 2
9.1 51.5 ± 6.3 57 ± 7
13.0 53.5 ± 7.8 63 ± 10
02/05.2 CH3OH 165–169 v-(e) 2.0 52.3 ± 1.9 54 ± 2
v+ 2.0 55.0 ± 3.5 58 ± 4
02/04.6 CH3OH 250–254 28 1.6 58.4 ± 1.6 63 ± 2
22 9.8 48.7 ± 4.6 59 ± 6
02/04.6 CH3OH 250–267 5 1.6 54.3 ± 1.9 56 ± 2
02/05.1 CH3OH 241.8 14 1.8 42.2 ± 1.4 54 ± 3
02/05.1 CH3CN 257 4 1.8 68 ± 16 68 ± 16
02/05.2 CH3CN 147–165 12 2.1 52.3 ± 4.0 73 ± 8
02/05.8 CH3CN 220–239 9 2.7 47.4 ± 9.2 54 ± 13
02/05.2 NH2CHO 149–265 40 2.1 79 ± 14 84 ± 15
02/05.2 HNCO 153–264 12 2.1 50 ± 9 76 ± 13
02/05.2 HCOOH 151–270 29 2.1 49 ± 9 49 ± 9
02/05.2 CH3CHO 151–271 79 2.1 43 ± 6 44 ± 6

Notes. Subscript “d” has been added to the molecules for which a daughter Haser density profile is assumed with the parent scale length provided below. (a)Mean pointing offset. (b)Result of non-linear fit with χ2 minimisation. (c)Number of lines used for the determination of Trot. In some cases lines have been averaged by groups of two lines having similar spectral characteristics (same J level, close energy levels and Einstein A coefficients).(d)Assuming a distributed source with a parent scale length of Lp=5000 km.(e)Temperatures deduced from the negative (blueshifted) part of the line (respectively positive or redshifted side for v+) sampling mostly the day-side of the coma (respectively night-side).

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