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Fig. 4

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Constraints on the EOS obtained by resampling the posteriors of the GW-only (blue), joint (red), and NR-informed joint analysis (green) using 10 million EOSs and folding in the NICER information of Vinciguerra et al. (2024), Miller et al. (2021) and the measurement of MmaxTOV>2.09M$M_{\max }^{{\rm{TOV}}} > 2.09{M_ \odot }$ (Romani et al. 2022). Depending on the hotspot model employed for the analysis of PSR J0030+0451 (PDT-U or ST+PDT, respectively shown in the left and right panels), the EOS constraints shift by ~1 km, indicating that (i) NICER data provides strong constraints on the EOS, and (ii) the systematic errors in such analyses are large.

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