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Table 5

Literature zero-point offsets relative to VELOCE.

Reference Nstars Nclusters ΔυZP eΔvZP$\[e_{\Delta v_{\mathrm{ZP}}}\]$
Anderson et al. (2016a) (Hamilton) 9 25 −0.039 0.129
Baranowski et al. (2009) 1 3 −0.686 2.000
Barnes et al. (1987) 9 16 −0.916 0.652
Barnes et al. (1988) 16 25 −1.005 0.479
Barnes et al. (2005) 5 9 −0.076 0.277
Bersier et al. (1994) 11 30 −0.614 0.075
Bersier (2002) 18 27 −0.652 0.149
Borgniet et al. (2019) 17 23 −0.891 0.118
Caldwell et al. (2001) 2 2 −2.894 0.105
Coulson & Caldwell (1985) 15 43 0.619 0.315
Coulson et al. (1985) 3 7 −0.868 0.695
Gieren (1981) 3 3 −3.202 0.513
Gieren (1985) 1 1 1.560 2.000
Gieren et al. (1989) 1 1 −2.553 2.000
Gorynya et al. (1992, 1996, 1998) 31 111 −0.373 0.078
Imbert (1999) 11 43 −0.559 0.136
Joy (1937) 2 3 −2.318 1.790
Kienzle et al. (1999) 6 12 −0.647 0.075
Kiss (1998) 4 4 0.353 0.383
Lloyd Evans (1980) 2 2 −0.850 0.739
Metzger et al. (1991) 8 8 0.127 0.266
Metzger et al. (1992) 6 6 −0.826 0.748
Pont et al. (1994) 12 12 −0.650 0.326
Pont et al. (1997) (Coralie) 6 8 −0.525 0.290
Pont et al. (1997) (Elodie) 4 4 0.095 0.164
Stibbs (1955) 2 2 −2.308 1.464
Storm et al. (2011) 3 3 0.862 0.052
Storm et al. (2004) 4 8 −0.346 0.431
Struve (1945) 1 1 −2.009 2.000
Wilson et al. (1989) 8 12 −0.910 0.561

Gaia DR3 RVS Cepheid time series 62 121 0.652 0.105

Coralie07 35 75 0.019 0.019
Coralie14 68 219 −0.001 0.012
Hermes 62 207 −0.002 0.021

Notes. Zero-points are stated as ΔυZP = υγ,ref − υγVELOCE. Nstars is the number of stars used to determine ΔυZP, Nclusters the number of epochs used for the reference, with some stars contributing multiple epochs. Most zero-point offsets are of order ±1 km s−1 or less, and we recover the zero-point change between Coralie07 and Coralie14 to within ~5 m s−1, cf. Table 2, despite this analysis being based on high-amplitude variable stars. The adopted uncertainty eΔvZP$\[e_{\Delta v_{\mathrm{ZP}}}\]$ is the standard median error unless only a single star was used to determine the zero-point, in which case a generous uncertainty of kms−1 was adopted. The offset for Anderson et al. (2016a) applies only to the Hamilton spectrograph data set. Coralie observations by Pont et al. (1997) used an instrument version prior to Coralie07 and feature a significantly different zero-point than Coralie07 and Coralie14. For Gaia DR3 RVs, we state the result based on template fitting, see Sect. 5.4.1.

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