Comparison of the stars belonging to the five subgroups in Fig. 17 shown in relation to the FU Cepheid MW Leavitt law calibrated using cluster Cepheids (Cruz Reyes & Anderson 2023, black solid line) and the reddening-free Wesenheit magnitude W_G. Low-ΔR Cepheids are shown in orange and are not systematic outliers from the LL. The most significant outliers are Y Oph (7.1σ from the LL, ⟨m_G⟩ = 5.5 mag) and S Vul (3.9σ, ⟨m_G⟩ = 6.7 mag). The limitations of this comparison are described in the text.