Dust mass function. The blue lines show the predictions of the models at z = 6, as labeled (Popping et al. 2017; Vijayan et al. 2019; Di Cesare et al. 2023; DELPHI, Dayal et al. 2022; Mauerhofer & Dayal 2023). For reference, the dashed gray line marks the dust mass function from the fiducial model in Popping et al. (2017) at z = 0. The filled red star and open circles indicate the observational constraints based on our target and other surveys at high redshifts, as labeled (Watson et al. 2015; Bakx et al. 2021; Akins et al. 2022; Fudamoto et al. 2021; Fujimoto et al. 2022; ϕ values estimated in Fujimoto et al. 2023).