Table 7
Radius valley slopes m ≡ d log Rp,valley/d log P as predicted from theory for different scenarios.
| Model | m | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Impact erosion | −0.33 | Wyatt et al. (2020) |
| Photo-evaporation | [−0.25, −0.16](†) | Owen & Wu (2017) |
| Thermally-driven mass loss | −0.10 | Affolter et al. (2023) |
| Photo-evaporation in gas-poor discs | [−0.15, −0.08](†) | Lee & Connors (2021) |
| Gas-empty formation | +0.11 | Lopez & Rice (2018) |
Notes. The photo-evaporation model has been developed using the energy-limited formula (e.g. Watson et al. 1981; Erkaev et al. 2007) and accounting for different efficiency values of stellar high-energy photons in the atmospheric mass removal. Instead, the thermally-driven mechanisms have been modelled via hydrodynamic simulations that couple photo-evaporation and core-powered mass loss.(†) (a, b) Denotes a range of values from a to b.
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