Table 9
Orbital elements and multi-epoch scores of HR 8799 b, c, d, and e found with PACOME.
| Elem. | Unit | HR8799b | HR 8799 c | HR8799d | HR8799e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | mas |  |
 |
 |
 |
| e | – |  |
 |
 |
 |
| i | deg |  |
 |
 |
 |
| t0 | yr |  |
 |
 |
 |
| ω | deg |  |
 |
 |
 |
| Ω | deg |  |
 |
 |
 |
| K (×104) | mas3 yr−2 |  |
 |
 |
 |
| P | yr |  |
 |
 |
 |
| Min S/Nt,ℓ | 11.22 | 6.19 | 4.37 | 2.22 | |
| Mean S/Nt,ℓ | 56.96 | 44.97 | 35.87 | 23.75 | |
| Max S/Nt,ℓ | 176.08 | 136.66 | 107.39 | 77.84 | |
| Multi-epoch S/N | 529.94 | 422.63 | 344.91 | 231.03 | |
| Criterion C | 280839.68 | 178 616.71 | 118 962.34 | 53 375.24 | |
Threshold  |
150.8 | 150.8 | 150.8 | 150.8 | |
Notes. Because of their degeneracy, any pair, (ω, Ω), is perfectly equivalent to (ω + π, Ω + π). The uncertainties were estimated via the perturbation method described in Sect. 3.3.1 with Np = 104. The central values are the optimal orbital elements found by PACOME and the lower and upper bounds correspond to the bounds of the 95% confidence interval. The corrected multi-detection detection threshold 
(1 − ρ) associated to a confidence level of ρ = 4.9 × 10−12 is to compare to the criterion score 
.
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