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This article has an erratum: [https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452059e]


Fig. 1

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Optical properties for three dust models. From left to right: the opacity per unit gas mass, assuming a gas-to-dust mass ratio of 100 (κext;λ); the scattering albedo ωλ; the forward throwing parameter gλ; and the polarization for the scattering angle of 90°. The gray vertical solid lines indicate three representative wavelengths for our calculations (3.5, 4.8, 12 μm; see text for details). The gray vertical dashed line indicates the wavelength for H band, for which we used imaging polarimetry to model the images for longer wavelengths. The dust opacity κext;λ is shown for the optical to mid-infrared wavelengths, while the remaining parameters for scattered and thermal emission are shown for near- to mid-infrared. The variations of optical properties at λ ~ 3 and ~10 μm are due to water ice and silicate, respectively.

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