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Table 1.
Occurrence rates of linear MHs in the solar wind throughout the Solar System.
| Location | Occurrence rate | Spacecraft | # events | # days | Years | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (per day) | ||||||
| Mercury | 4.4 | MESSENGER | 2726 | 618 | 2011–2015 | Karlsson et al. (2021) |
| Mercury–Venus | 3.3–1.0 | MESSENGER | 96 | 1140 | 2007–2011 | Volwerk et al. (2020) |
| Venus | 4.2 | VEX | 791 | 189 | 2006 | Zhang et al. (2008) |
| Mercury–Earth | 2.2–1.7 | Helios 1 and 2 | 601 | – | 1974–1976 | Sperveslage et al. (2000) |
| Mercury–Earth | 3.0 ± 1.2 | BepiColombo | 2554 | 1300 | 2018–2022 | This study |
| Earth L1 | 0.6 | WIND | 2074 | – | 1994–2004 | Stevens & Kasper (2007) |
| Earth | 1.5 | IMP I/Explorer 43 | 28 | 18 | 1971 | Turner et al. (1977) |
| Earth | 1.8 | Cluster | 897 | – | 2001–2009 | Xiao et al. (2014) |
| Earth | (2.3) 0.9 | MMS | 406 | 177 | 2017–2019 | Volwerk et al. (2021) |
| Mars | 2.1 | MAVEN | 102 | 56 | 2016 | Madanian et al. (2020) |
| 0.166–0.82 au | 8.7 | Parker Solar Probe | 1381 | 158 | 2018–2019 | Yu et al. (2021) |
| 2–11 au | ∼0.5 → 0.1 | Voyager 2 | 235 | – | 1978–1982 | Sperveslage et al. (2000) |
| 11–17 au | ∼0.1 | Voyager 2 | 16 | – | 1982–1985 | Sperveslage et al. (2000) |
| High solar latitude | 5.2 | Ulysses | 4127 | 780 | 1990–1992 | Winterhalter et al. (2000) |
| Heliosheath | 2–3 | Voyager 1 | 24 | 9 | 2006 | Burlaga et al. (2007) |
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