Fig. 2

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Self-polarization of the plasma element shortly after injection (ωLit = 0.6, where ωLi is the ion Larmor frequency outside the magnetosphere) in the XMSM = 1.96 RM cross-section inside the simulation domain for case A: (top) total charge density and (middle) self-consistent electric field illustrated with vectors (the Ey component is color coded). The profiles of the charge density (blue) and Ey electric field (red) across YMSM (bottom). These profiles are averaged along the ZMSM direction parallel to the magnetic field (shown with large purple arrows in the top and middle panels) from −0.11 RM to +0.11 RM. The white contour in the top and middle panels encloses the high-density core of the plasma element, while the yellow horizontal line in the bottom panel is drawn at Ey = −U0B0. The tall magenta boxes mark the two space charge layers of opposite polarity formed at the edges of the plasma element.
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