Fig. 1

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Schematic picture of orbital calculation of pebbles. The starting point of pebbles is (xs, |ys| = 40 RHill, zs). The x- and z-coordinates of the starting point of pebbles, xs and zs, are parameters. The green circle area represents the hydrodynamical simulation domain with radius rout. We used the gas velocity obtained from the hydrodynamical simulation to calculate the gas drag force acting on the pebble within rout. Outside rout, the gas velocity is assumed to be the speed of the sub-Keplerian shear flow.
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