Comparison of our parametric Martian MPB model with existing empirical models. Panels a and b: models for P_d = 1 nPa (n = 4.0 cm⁻³, V_X = −400.0 km s⁻¹) and P_d = 3 nPa (n = 7.186 cm⁻³, V_X = −500.0 km s⁻¹), respectively. The IMF conditions used for our model are the same for both panels: B_X = −1.6776 nT, B_Y = 2.4871 nT, and B_Z = 0 nT. Red dashed lines and green dashed lines represent our parametric model results in the X−Y and X−Z planes. Black, blue, and cyan solid lines show the results of Vignes et al. (2000), Edberg et al. (2008), and Ramstad et al. (2017), respectively.