Top panel: theoretical H–R diagram for TESS pulsating subdwarfs. Middle panel: all pulsating subdwarfs, including the TESS pulsators. The p-mode pulsators are shown as green filled circles and the g-mode pulsators as violet open circles. The hybrid pulsators are shown as black asterisks. The four dotted lines show the predicted hot limit of Fontaine et al. (2003) (F), Jeffery & Saio (2006) (J), Hu et al. (2009) (H), and Bloemen et al. (2014) (B). Bottom panel: gravity–effective temperature diagram for all pulsating subdwarfs. The cross at the top left of each panel shows the approximate 1σ error bars.