Flowchart describing the consistency tests presented in Sect. 3. The color-coding corresponds to green for the tests that require the Hubble parameter H(z), red for those that require the angular diameter distance D_A(z), yellow = red + green for tests that require both H(z) and D_A(z), and finally, blue for the test that requires the luminosity distance D_L(z). In all cases, we inverted or solved for crucial quantities (a process denoted by an arrow) that describe the expansion history of the Universe based on the ΛCDM model, making assumptions about the curvature as required in each test (denoted above the arrows). As an example, we can solve the Hubble parameter H(Ω_m, 0, z) of ΛCDM for Ω_m, 0, and assuming flatness, we can write the matter density parameter in terms of the dimensionless Hubble parameter h(z), see Eq. (11). Clearly, Om_H(z)→Ω_m, 0 only if ΛCDM is the correct description of the expansion of the Universe. A similar process is also followed for the remaining tests, which we can write in terms of the dimensionless distances d_L(z) and d_A(z).