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Fig. 2.

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Modeled merging BBH and luminous LGRB rate densities as a function of redshift from isolated binary evolution in dashed and solid black lines, respectively. The CE, SMT, and CHE channel contributions are indicated in orange, blue, and green colors, respectively. The violet marker denotes observable constraints of local BBH rate densities at z = 0 from LVC GWTC-2 (Abbott et al. 2021a) and the red markers the luminous LGRB rate densities from the SHOALS survey (Perley et al. 2016). The SHOALS survey LGRB rate densities are not beaming-corrected and hence probe the observed and not the intrinsic LGRB population. Our fiducial model assumes LGRB efficiency η = 0.01, constant beaming factor fB = 0.05, and IllustrisTNG redshift- and metallicity-dependent star formation rate (Nelson et al. 2019).

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