Spectrophotometric measurements of lunar regolith by the Yutu-2 rover. Panel a: illustration of photometric experimentsconducted by the Yutu-2 rover. The VNIS collected spectral data at the same location, but different solar angles. Two adjacent sites were measured in the morning and afternoon, respectively. Panels b and c: images acquired by the hazard-avoidance camera (HAZCAM) at sites 1 and 2, respectively. The red rectangle is the viewing field of the CMOS imager. The inset images within panels b and c show a close-up view of lunar regolith imaged by the CMOS, and the yellow circle is the field of view of SWIR.