Panel a: spatial distribution of the 26 ALMA compact cores (magenta, pink, orange, yellow, green, red, green, and light blue circles) and 7 ArTéMiS clumps (larger black dashed ellipses – see Sect. 4.1) embedded in the NGC 6334 main filament, overlaid on the ALMA 3.1 mm continuum image (grayscale and same solid contours as in Fig. 1). The black dashed contour shows an ArTéMiS 350 μm continuum emission level of 5 Jy/8′′-beam. The green curve marks the crest of the dusty filament traced with DisPerSE in the ArTéMiS 350 μm continuum map (André et al. 2016, see Fig. 1c). The red curves mark the area within ±30′′ (or ±0.25 pc) from this filament crest. Panel b: spatial distribution of the N₂H⁺(1–0) velocity-coherent fiber-like sub-structures F-1 (blue, integrated over the velocity range −3 to −2.4 km s⁻¹) and F-2 (red, integrated over the velocity range −2.0 to −1.2 km s⁻¹) in the NGC 6334 filament. In panel a, the seven groups of ALMA 3.1 mm compact sources found by the nearest neighbor separation algorithm (see Sect. 4.1 and Fig. 8) are indicated by small circles of different colors. The green curve is the same as in panel a.