Top panel: simulated RV variations of a Sun-like star produced by individual r modes, as seen by a distant observer, as a function of the time. The spin axis of the star has an inclination of i = 60° to the line of sight. Different line styles refer to different sectoral modes: the solid line is for m = 2 mode, the dotted line for m = 3, the dashed line for m = 4, and the dash-dotted line for m = 5. See Table 1 for the amplitude, the period, and the rms radial vorticity of each mode. Bottom panel: line-of-sight velocity on the disk for m = 2 at the four different phases a–d indicated by circles in the top panel. The color scale saturates at ± 2 m s⁻¹: blue is toward and red is away from the observer. The plus symbols indicate the north pole and the black lines the equator.