Time difference between our hybrid simulations and the mid-point location of the magnetospheric boundary crossings obtained from MESSENGER magnetic field observations by Winslow et al. (2013). The dashed line is a linear fit of our results using an ordinary least-squares fitting function. Panels a and b: inbound bow shock and magnetopause crossings. Panels c and d: Outbound magnetopause and bow shock crossings for the second magnetospheric transient on 23 April 2011 (D113). P_dyn = is the solar wind dynamic pressure and M_A = is the Alfvén Mach number.