Pebble accretion timescale t_acc of embryos with M = 0.1 M_⊕ on the r-Ṁ_∗ plane. Color bars represent log ₁₀(t_acc/ yr). Brighter parameter regions represent faster accretion. In panel a), the entire disk is assumed to be irradiation-heated, while it is viscously-heated in panel b). In panel c), the disk is the combination of irradiation-heated and viscously heated regimes. In panel d), the reduction factor for τ_s> 1 is taken into account in the disk in panel c). In panel e), the effect of ice sublimation is added to the disk in panel d). Details of individual sets are described in the main text.