Illustration of the two different magnetic configurations (inner circle) and corresponding pickup ion torus configuration (outer circle) used throughout this work. For the configuration φ_⊥, i.e. the magnetic field vector B points in the direction of the orange shaded area within the inner circle, the pickup ion torus is located in a region of velocity space where it can be detected by the instrument (outer orange shaded ring). For the configuration φ_∥, the torus lies exclusively outside the instrument’s aperture and cannot be detected (outer violet shaded ring). The torus distribution, shown in this diagram (red line), corresponds to the magnetic field vector drawn in red.