Comparison of de Jager rate (plotted for T_eff = 3500 K and 4000 K) with mass-loss rates of 39 RSGs listed in Table 1. The mass-loss rates are based on the study of dust and obtained with Jura’s formula. The labels indicate a few wellknown RSGs as follows: 1: α Ori; 2: α Sco, 3: μ Cep, 4: S Per, 5: PZ Cas, 6: VY CMa, 7: EV Car (at 4.2 kpc); 8: VX Sgr. The small cross represents EV Car if a smaller distance of 2.5 kpc is adopted. At the upper left corner, error bars represent uncertainties of  ±30 percent in luminosity, and a factor of  ±2 in Ṁ.