TESS discovery of two super-Earths orbiting the M-dwarf stars TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 near the radius valley

¹ Astrobiology Research Unit, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium
² Oukaimeden Observatory, High Energy Physics and Astrophysics Laboratory, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
³ Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
⁴ Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
⁵ Dpto. Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
⁶ Avature Machine Learning, Planta Sexta, Madrid 28004, Spain
⁷ Carl Sagan Institute at Cornell University, Space Science Building, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
⁸ School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmimgham B15 2TT, UK
⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
¹⁰ Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
¹¹ Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
¹² Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38200, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹³ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
¹⁵ Space Sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août 19C, 4000 Liège, Belgium
¹⁶ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
¹⁷ Komaba Institute for Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
¹⁸ Astrobiology Center, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
¹⁹ Department of Multi-Disciplinary Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
²⁰ National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²¹ Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
²² Royal Astronomical Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London W1J 0BQ, UK
²³ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
²⁴ Crow Observatory, Portalegre, Portugal
²⁵ Bryant Space Science Center, Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
²⁶ Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
²⁷ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
²⁸ NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
²⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
³⁰ Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
³¹ Department of Physics, Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
³² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46556, USA

^★ Corresponding author; mr.ghachoui@gmail.com

Received: 14 June 2024
Accepted: 18 August 2024

Abstract

We present the validation of two TESS super-Earth candidates transiting the mid-M dwarfs TOI-6002 and TOI-5713 every 10.90 and 10.44 days, respectively. The first star (TOI-6002) is located 32.038 ± 0.019 pc away, with a radius of 0.2409_−0.0065^+0.0066 R_⊙, a mass of 0.2105_−0.0048^+0.0049 M_⊙, and an effective temperature of 3229₋₅₇⁺⁷⁷ K. The second star (TOI-5713) is located 40.946 ± 0.032 pc away, with a radius of 0.2985_−0.0072^+0.0073 R_⊙, a mass of 0.2653 ± 0.0061 M_⊙, and an effective temperature of 3225₋₄₀⁺⁴¹ K. We validated the planets using TESS data, ground-based multi-wavelength photometry from many ground-based facilities, as well as high-resolution AO observations from Keck/NIRC2. TOI-6002 b has a radius of 1.65_−0.19^+0.22 R_⊕ and receives 1.77_−0.11^0.16S_⊕. TOI-5713 b has a radius of 1.77_−0.11^+0.13 R_⊕ and receives 2.42 ± 0.11S_⊕. Both planets are located near the radius valley and near the inner edge of the habitable zone of their host stars, which makes them intriguing targets for future studies to understand the formation and evolution of small planets around M-dwarf stars.