Binary origin of blue straggler stars in Galactic star clusters

¹ European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Región Metropolitana, Chile
e-mail: mrainsep@eso.org
² Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata, IALP (CONICET-UNLP), 1900 La Plata, Argentina
³ Instituto de Física de Rosario, IFIR (CONICET-UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
⁴ Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura (UNR), 2000 Rosario, Argentina
⁵ Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁷ Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, 160 Casilla, Concepción, Chile

Received: 18 July 2023
Accepted: 2 February 2024

Abstract

Building on the recent release of a new Gaia-based blue straggler star catalog in Galactic open star clusters (OCs), we explored the properties of these stars in a cluster sample spanning a wide range in fundamental parameters. We employed Gaia EDR3 to assess the membership of any individual blue or yellow straggler to their parent cluster. We then made use of the ASteCA code to estimate the fundamental parameters of the selected clusters, in particular, the binary fraction. With all this at hand, we critically revisited the relation of the blue straggler population and the latter. For the first time, we found a correlation between the number of blue stragglers and the host cluster binary fraction and binaries. This supports the hypothesis that binary evolution is the most viable scenario of straggler formation in Galactic star clusters. The distribution of blue stragglers in the Gaia color-magnitude diagram was then compared with a suite of composite evolutionary sequences derived from binary evolutionary models that were run by exploring a range of binary parameters: age, mass ratio, period, and so forth. The excellent comparison between the bulk distribution of blue stragglers and the composite evolutionary sequences loci further supports the binary origin of most stragglers in OCs and paves the way for a detailed study of individual blue stragglers.